Challenges Of Minority Groups In Cambodia Education Essay

IntroductionCambodia is an immature state, which is situated in South East Asia, and the greater part of the residents are Buddhist and Khmer is their female parent lingua. On the one manus, there are different states populating together, for example, Chinese, Cham, Vietnamese and others including social minority bunches who are populating in the northeasterly conditions of Cambodia. ( UNESCO and A ; CARE, 2005 ) . As of late, 34.5 % of educators in far off nations and 6.4 % in country nations have non gone to higher guidance. Numerous country family units rely upon agribusiness for an actual existence, and guidance costs are the most noteworthy disbursal they are standing up to. Fundamentally, they are difficult to guide the entirety of their children to class, especially misss as a result of the individual security, and significant distance between schools in country and far off nations ( UNESCO, 2010 ) . This review other than makes reference to that kids who do non go to class an d who likely globule out are the children with disablements, misss and kids from country, removed and limit line nations ( p. 29 ) . It is really difficult for them to dissect due to their etymological interchanges use, at long last bilingual guidance is fusing and obliging into networks. Educators from the neighborhood networks are prepared to run into the instructive requests of the children in the networks, cut even exhibit are adjusted base on cultivating seasons, and the schools are controlled by Community Boards ( UNESCO and A ; CARE, 2005 ) . The plan of this exploration is focusing on the undermentioned requests: What are the better plans to better minority bunches ‘ guidance to run into MoEYS ‘s points and vision? Does the bilingual guidance undertaking help minority gatherings to make higher and better guidance? What can MoEYS, Cambodia Government each piece great as NGOs add to create minority bunch guidance? Service of Education, Youth and Sport of Cambodia As the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport ‘s vision in the Education Strategic Plan 2009-2013 ( 2010 ) expressed that â€Å" so as to build up an information based society inside Cambodia it needs to set up and create HR with the highest caliber and moralss † ( p. 1 ) . To achieve this vision, MoEYS has the crucial taking, overseeing and building up the Education, Youth and Sport area in Cambodia in light of the financial and social advancement requests of its kin and the universe of regionalization and globalization. Then, a since a long time ago run point of the MoEYS is to achieve the all encompassing improvement of Cambodia ‘s youthful individuals for all divisions and a prompt point is other than to do sure that every single Kampuchean child and youngster have equivalent opportunity to determine nature of guidance predictable with the Constitution and the Royal Government ‘s committedness to the UN Child Rights Convention, independent of cultural pos ition, geographics, ethnicity, confidence, phonetic correspondence, sexual orientation and physical signifier ( p. 2 ) . To win in achieving the above points and vision, MoEYS has characterized three boss approach priorities and two are referenced as follows: Guarantee only course to instructive administrations by developing schools each piece close as conceivable to dwelling places, reducing the figure of uncomplete grade schools, expanding operational financial plans to schools, expanding the flexibly of educators, providing houses to teachers and structure habitation corridors for students in denied nations, especially misss, disablements and minority bunches ( p. 13 ) . So as to achieve this approach, there numerous plans brought up in this Education Strategic Plan 2009-2013 by MoEYS and some are appearing here. The principal plot is to ensure passage of each of the six twelvemonth olds into elementary school including kids from hapless family units, kid workers, kids in denied nations, kids with disablements, kids influenced by HIV/AIDS, and social minority gatherings. The second point is to expand chances for only dish to higher guidance through expanding the figure of grants for organized understudies from hapless family units, fem ales and students from inaccessible nations ( p. 15 ) . So also, the Education Sector Support Program 2006-2010 by MoEYS ( 2005 ) other than expressed that â€Å" the auxiliary schools grants plan points will be to ensure expanded guidance chances for students with high scholastic goodness from the most unfortunate and denied family units, especially misss and social minorities, through a continuous expansion in the figure of focused grants for the hapless † ( p. 27 ) To better the quality and effectiveness of instructive administrations by expanding the stipulation of school instructional stuffs, libraries and exploration labs, and go oning to additionally build up the course of study, expanding securing hours and providing grants ( hard money and supplement ) to hapless students, uplifting guidance and bearing limits, hamburger uping the educators ‘ codification of conduct, bettering schools ‘ condition, spread trip professional direction, expanding audit of removal, account and guidance quality certainty ( MoEYS, 2010, pp.13-15 ) Financial situation of minority gatherings People groups who are populating in the rustic and inaccessible nations do non hold simple dish to all the potential outcomes markets, especially concerns. Their lives are relying upon the season, and when the planting cut come the vast majority are working in the Fieldss. They need to pass a large portion of their clasp in the Fieldss so as to increase higher pay to back up the family units and networks. Their earnings originate from selling rice, handcrafts and veggies however it is still truly low. They can increase around eighty 7,000 riel or under 20 two dollars for each month per family. Before securing this cash they need to go to business sectors to offer stocks to Kampuchean bargainers and buy something that they all the time need, for example, baccy, casket nails, clinical claims to fame, array and a few supplements. In this manner, there is tiny clasp left for them to accept of guidance or guiding their children to schools especially misss who are non educated by any means. Also, simply a couple of work powers are educated ( UNESCO, 2005 ) Essential data of minority bunches guidance Couples to the states of life are far away from the business locale, minority bunches do non hold simple to schools. Blending to UNCESO ( 2005 ) , â€Å" guidance degrees were higher for guys than females ; no female matured 15 and over had finished elementary school, and only 8.2 % have had any guidance whatsoever. The heft of townspeople were 77.8 % nonreader in Khmer, and matured 15 and over talked little or no Khmer 83.5 % † . ( p.22 ) Races and ethnicity bunches in Cambodia As of late, Cambodia is building up all areas especially training parts in various finishs including urban and provincial nations, which are situated far away from towns. Models incorporate the provincial pieces of Ratanakiri and Modulkiri which have higher paces of non-enlistment contrasted with national standards. Childs who are populating inside minority bunches are non reached due to their destitution situation and provincial area. Up until now, â€Å" there are 36 social minority bunches in Cambodia representing around 4 for each centum of the populace † ( World Bank as refered to in UNICEF, 2007, p.6 ) Bilingual guidance for minority gatherings To learn bilingual guidance to minority bunches is hard in light of the fact that many are ignorant both in discourse creation and forming in Khmer. As an examination from Chap and A ; Thomas, ( 2003 ) referenced that â€Å" the spread is enlarging as ethic minority individuals neglect to infer course to guidance and advancement ventures. The lingual boundary is the primary test to getting to advancement and guidance as not many individuals especially grown-up females and children from the social minority networks talk the national phonetic correspondence † . Chap and Thomas ( 2003 ) other than expressed that pretty much all-ethnic minority females and more than 80 % of the guys were uneducated and most children had ne'er gone to class. â€Å" The bilingual guidance pilot undertaking utilizes a hypothetical record of bearing that starts in the slang and advances to Khmer with the goal that understudies figure out how to peruse and make both etymological interchanges. Base on the endeavor, five minority phonetic interchanges currently have letters in order using the Khmer book, and the Kampuchean specialists has late endorsed each of the five letters in order. † ( p.1 ) . In add-on, a similar report territories that flow bilingual endeavors are focused on five phonetic correspondences in northeasterly Cambodia, with additional lingual examination in a few other etymological interchanges which have populaces dispersed all through the district. The Kampuchean legislative closures are to help nearby individuals to work in all segments in their place unassuming communities and states remembering an emphasize for social minorities, with specific plans to run into their particular requests and difficulties, a large number of which vary from those of the marsh Khmer populaces. Moreover, this examination expresses that the bilingual guidance conspire is of import for run intoing Cambodia ‘s national Education For All ( EFA ) closes and on a very basi c level we realize that the viable way is to get down from the known and travel to the obscure on the grounds that Khmer is a remote semantic correspondence for the social minority gatherings, along these lines they have to get down with their ain phonetic correspondence so as to dish Khmer. In view of this, bilingual guidance enables good country populaces to arraign more to the full being developed and country building and causes them to do improvement programs fitting to their networks so as to ensure a positive from this point forward ( p.3 ) Choice In spite of the fact that the guidance of social minority kids is truly confused, the plans that address these issues have been actualized with considera

Impacts of Immigrants to UK and UK Immigration Policy on its Labour Essay

Effects of Immigrants to UK and UK Immigration Policy on its Labor Market - Essay Example The piece of the of the approaching foreigners is normally totally different from that of the number of inhabitants in the accepting nation on issues relating to segment, social and financial properties (Okkerse, 2008). As a conclusion, the segment and financial impacts of worldwide relocation have gotten evident in the contemporary world and this has picked up the consideration of approach producers and the general public as a rule. This has therefore made the migration procedure a playing field for various examinations in the 21st century (for example Clark and Drinkwater, 2010; Macura et al. 2005) In principle, the impacts of global relocation on profit and employments for the populace in the host nation is fundamentally unexpected to the degree to which migrants’ aptitudes are supplements or substitutes to the abilities of the populace in the host nation, and on how migration impacts the interest for work in the host nation (Hatton and Tani, 2005). Aside from changes in compensations and work Dustmann et al, (2008) affirms that there are in any event two other alteration systems where an economy demonstrations in light of movement. Other than developing work flexibly, movement has the affinity to build the interest for work (Saleheen, and Shadforth 2006). Foreigners increment the buyer interest for merchandise and enterprises in the host nation and over the long haul, migration can prompt greater interest in the host nation (Schmitt and Wadsworth 2007). Therefore, this paper targets distinguishing the impacts of migration to the UK and UK movement strategy on its work showcase. An exact and test look into by Dustmann et al (2013) on the work advertise effects of movement in the UK shows that migration has a reasonably unimportant effect on the normal income and pay dispersion low, medium, and high paid employees.â â

Role of a Palliative Care Nurse

Job of a Palliative Care Nurse Palliative Care The job of the master palliative consideration nurture is perplexing and interesting. The attendant capacities as a vital piece of a Multidisciplinary group, giving master talented appraisal and nursing care, supporting the patient and the family to settle on educated decisions consequently reassuring the patient to keep on settling on self-governing choices about their consideration towards an incredible finish. In any case, frequently the medical attendant will wind up managing troublesome relational intricacies with relatives having contrasting desires for the sort of care that the patient ought to get, staff struggle over treatment techniques or methodologies and high remaining burdens. These issues can just intensify the weights on the Palliative Care Nurse and to adapt to the numerous situations she should be all around furnished. The mind boggling requirements of the critically ill patients and their families make the multidisciplinary group approach the best strategy for care Staff from a scope of controls including clinical, nursing, social work, dietitian, physiotherapist, drug specialist and others bring assorted and exceptional aptitudes. As a group they give an incredible sounding board to moral predicaments subsequently ideally upgrading moral practice. (Latimer, 1998) The Nurse in her job is required to go about as patient promoter and guarantee that the patients rights are regarded. Shockingly this promotion is here and there apparent adversely as a danger or suggested analysis of clinical consideration. Specialists need to tune in to the medical caretakers increasingly exact point of view of patient concerns. Consistency over the group prompts better results for patients. Fortifying a similar data by both clinical and nursing staff help to mollify persistent nervousness definitely more than clashing perspectives on such things as manifestation control. (Jeffrey, 1995) The individuals from the Multidisciplinary group at times settle on choices in regards to medicines, which they may see to be of the most advantage to the patient while in reality the patient, doesn't see the advantages in a remarkable same manner. Medical attendants have more delayed contact with the patient than most different individuals from the group because of the hands on tolerant consideration that they do. They regularly set up a nearby affinity with the patient and the family and are destined to know about the patients likes, aversions, expectations and dreams and are conscious of frequently sensitive and private subtleties of the patients life. The very reality that the medical caretaker invests such a great amount of energy with the patient makes them bound to know about this sort of data. Specialists adjusts in a Palliative Care Unit empower the specialist to spend maybe 30minutes greatest every day in conversing with the patient. In the network, arrangements times with Doctors are prohibitive and Home Visits restricted. Persistent Nurse reliance proportions in medical clinics and palliative consideration units imply that Nurses are going through around four hours out of every day on coordinated patient contact. Once more, other colleagues are constrained in the measure of time they go through with patients because of the quantity of customers/patients they may have. A dietitian for instance may go through 15 minutes with a patient twice during their six-week remain in a Palliative Care Unit or 30 minutes as an outpatient over the span of the Terminal disease. Social laborers frequently invest extensive stretches at an energy with patients as well as their families in long conversation anyway these conversations may just occur a few times over the time of the disease. Along these lines the Nurse is undeniably bound to know about issues influencing tolerant consideration. There can be numerous challenges for the Nurse master giving great consideration to palliative patients while regarding their entitlement to self-sufficiency in the setting of the Palliative Care Unit, the job of the Nurse is to carefully evaluate the necessities of patient and family. These necessities might be continually changing and there is no space for the Palliative Care Nurse to get self-satisfied in her patient consideration. Side effects might be physical, for example, torment, queasiness, and dyspnoea or psychosocial or profound. In distinguishing care needs the medical caretaker must have the option to figure out who is the most suitable colleague to allude to give ideal administration of these requirements. For example despite the fact that the master medical attendant will have advising abilities, she should know about her constraints and allude on where proper to advisors, therapist or social specialist. Mount (1993) proposes that we should initially take care of physi cal needs and that to do this we need a point by point information on therapeutics. Talented tuning in and tender loving care are central in Palliative Care. Our listening aptitudes not just apply to what the patient is stating, yet what they might be leaving inferred. Nonverbal signals, for example, outward appearances and aura, the need to hold the entryway to their room open consistently or to continually keeps the window ornaments drawn. With the end goal for patients to settle on decisions they should be precisely and properly educated, yet Vachon (1993) recommends that while parental figures now and again choose not to mention to patient and family what is probably going to occur, at different occasions they may give an excessive amount of negative data not permitting the patient and family to have any expectation. Patients need to know at what stage their malady is and their guess so as to pick where to invest their outstanding energy. The moral correspondence of data ought to be convenient and wanted by the patient, precise and given in words reasonable to the patient and family and passed on in a delicate, conscious and humane way. (Latimer, 1998) A case of such correspondence would be that when asked by my patient (talking about his fungating tumor) When will this thing on my neck quit spilling? I have to tenderly yet honestly clarify that it will in all probability keep on spilling blood and liquid until he bi tes the dust yet additionally that we will keep on containing the liquid and limit the distress and endeavor to mask the waste machine as well as can be expected. To not instruct him with respect to the projection of the liquid release proceeding is to urge him to have bogus expectation and desires and further dissatisfaction when the release proceeds and most likely exacerbates. In any case, the medical caretaker needs to perceive that a few patients don't wish to have data transferred to them for example a patient who would not like to discuss her sickness future and kept on denying that her ailment was terminal. Dont disclose to me that, I dont need you to state those words! However regard for tolerant independence requests that patients be offered genuine responses to their inquiries. Without this, patients become increasingly questionable and unfit to settle on choices about their future. Kicking the bucket patients are by ideals of their physical and passionate circumstance, slight and helpless their treatment and the board during this last period of their life must be of an elevated expectation both expertly and morally. The Nurse and different individuals from the group should try to do the best for the patient and their family. This incorporates regarding self-sufficiency, through the arrangement of honest data and helping them to set sensible objectives while giving real mindful consideration during the full course of the ailment. Arrangement of manifestation control relies on exact evaluation. McCafferty and Beebe (1989) recommend that we dont consistently make appraisal simple by the way that occasionally we dont promptly accept what the patient lets us know or the patient may deny having agony or reject help with discomfort in spite of the fact that they might be harming. The master Nurse ought to recollect that the individual with the torment is the authority-they are the person who is experiencing the experience and we should trust them in the event that they disclose to us they have torment. It is very simple to permit ones own qualities and convictions to cloud our judgment Unfortunately I have witnessed it where a medical caretaker generally not experienced in Palliative nursing will say something, for example, He says he has torment evaluated 8 out of 10 yet he doesnt look upset or She was chuckling and conversing with her guests 5 minutes back and now shes humming for relief from discomfort. Such rem arks show the Nurses numbness and absence of comprehension of agony. It appears to be obvious that they don't comprehend about adjustment or interruption or that chuckling invigorates the unwinding reaction all through the body frameworks by bringing down circulatory strain, developing breathing and discharging endorphins. Likewise critical is the requirement for the medical attendant to investigate further if a patient denies torment notwithstanding signs that they are in reality enduring torment. There may different purposes behind refusal for instance; now and again our language when posing inquiries about the patients agony might be unseemly. A few patients may not think about a dull steady hurt as agony yet a throb. Others may feel sore. Different words, for example, distress and weight might be utilized rather than Pain We as medical attendants need to maintain a strategic distance from confusion by utilizing such different words. The Nurse needs to investigate the issue of agony and help to recognize the source. Area. Force, and Quality of the agony help to recognize the source. Eg. Bone, instinctive or nerve torment. Distinguishing the source helps in deciding the fitting treatment technique. The master Nurse will know that nerve torment won't react too to sedatives and that neuroleptic specialists need to utilized. As recommended before, as Nurses invest the most energy with the patients they can get the most data on the patients reaction to torment the board plans, they can instruct patients on the need to take normal analgaesia; and they can be the most compelling in the executives of agony (Lindley, Dalton and Fields, 1990). Obviously we as attendants in Palliative Care should know that not all torment will react well to conventional or universal medicines. Seeing a patient in torment and attempting every single pharmacological technique without progress is upsetting for staff just as the patient and it is then that medical caretakers should additionally endeavor to utilize different strategies, for example, unwinding, interruption and music. Studies have sho

Causes and Effects of Unemployment - 825 Words

Causes and Effects of Unemployment (Research Paper Sample) Content: Name:Title: Causes and Effects of UnemploymentCourse:Professor:Date:Unemployment is the awful state of lacking a job for one reason, or another. Young people of the current generation have developed the habit of terming employment as living on less than $1 a day. This, however, is not conventionally accepted yet. The distribution of unemployment cuts across the entire globe, from the affluent countries to the poorest of nations. The rate seems to be growing steadily over years, and this calls for a keen research on causes and how to battle the effects of this modern-day monster. By taking a look at the causes, then we can find solutions to the issue. Focusing on the effects of unemployment helps to bring to light what a serious problem it is that affects the human race.The causes of unemployment are widespread and vary from region to region. One of the main causes is illiteracy. Illiteracy is the reclaimable state of not being able to read or write to an acceptable st andard. In some ways, it can be described as insufficiency of education or skills needed for a particular job or task. Illiteracy impairs ones ability to get a job. Since most job vacancies require certain levels of education, the illiterate are usually left out on the streets. Illiteracy can be attributed to laziness, truancy, improper learning system and poverty among others. Poverty sets in because in most countries basic education is not free and the poor may not be able to raise fees for their children to learn. This leaves the poor with illiterate kids who can barely find a job (Crick, Pg. 65). Improper learning system may fail to equip students with enough skills required for particular jobs rendering them useless in their fields of study. Another cause of unemployment is technology (Healey, 89). With the advent of new and advanced technology, the prospects of securing a job are slimming. The new trend of using robotic computers in almost every simple task poses a great risk to those learning with the hope of a job. For instance, automated teller machines are being introduced into banking halls threatens the jobs of millions of tellers. Biometrics systems and automated alarm systems are replacing the need for security guards both at offices and homes. Even the simplest of jobs, for example, secretarial jobs are being replaced by computer applications that convert speech to text hence meetings can be virtually recorded. The number of causes of unemployment may not really matter much because the effects are similar, and most of them are devastating to a nation. The principal effect is poverty (Pigou, 78). When one is unemployed, one lacks a source of income and a means to fend for themselves. This forces most unemployed to seek shelter under employed relatives or friends. The splitting of salary reduces the income per person making the provider poor. The unemployed person will be forced to feed on the little that the provider has which is often not enough . Luxuries can no longer be afforded as most of the money is hand-to-mouth. People who once longed for good lives are condemned to misery and poverty. Secondly, unemployment causes an increase in crime rate, especially in town and cities. When one is without a job and has no one to depend upon, they resort to crime to make both ends meet. Survival for the fittest applies is much alive here. The unemployed person may plot on how to rob a bank or a wealthy man in a posh car. Theft is the most prevalent of the unemployment related crimes. However, murder may also be committed either in the line of theft or as a result of jealousy and resentment towards the rich employed person. In addition to the crimes is fraud. Those desperately looking for money may have to...

The Source and Cause of Violent Tendencies in Humans Essay

The Source and Cause of Violent Tendencies in Humans Philosophers since the beginning of time have debated over the source and cause of violent tendencies in humans that in turn produce global conflicts, to solve the age old question, man or beast? Global conflict can with out a doubt be completely accredited to the human race, but what are the particular reasons for humans to cause such conflicts? There are many topics that have been argued by philosophers and historians over the connection between the reasons the human race and global conflict. One such topic is the gender based theories and sexual differences of men and women. Others believe that religion, with particular emphasis on monotheistic beliefs, is the major basis of†¦show more content†¦When looking at the specific numbers men are mostly the source of human violence, especially men age fifteen to twenty-nine years of age, and there are many possible explanations for the reason why young men are the leading cause of violence. David Barash offers a possible starti ng point in which he asserts that men have always held the positions involving killing, â€Å"or what might be called the ‘killing establishment’— soldiers, executioners, even slaughterhouse workers – is overwhelmingly male† (Barash 1). When men could no longer play the hunter role, they still would have the urge or animalistic inclination to compete or kill one another, which leads to violence, hence; men began killing each other. This leads to gender division, which Carol Adams blames on the fact that the world has always been a patriarchial system. Men have established themselves as the dominant position in the human race, and because of this feeling of the need to be dominant there have been certain roles established for the way each gender should behave. As Michael CC Adams asserts, this gender division actually encourages male violence. War is a product of man according to Adams, and that in order to end war, â€Å"we shall have to create an androgynous society in which being male does not mean a preoccupation with toughness and staying in control but includes the full range of openly expressed human feelings,Show MoreRelatedSocial Conflict Resolution : Theory, Research, Practice Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pages What causes social conflicts, however, remains a subject of contention. Scholars across various disciplines have come-up-with different theories to explain the causes of social conflicts. 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The Classroom and Learning a Second Language - 789 Words

There is only one reason could be considered why learners decide to use L1 in the classroom. This is because the teacher’s efforts encourage them to communicate in the target language. Harmer (2002) maintains that the second language users choose to use the mother tongue when there is no compatible with their L2 level. When the teacher does not create an environment for students to communicate naturally to use English, students may need to use L1 to communicate. If the teacher does not use the target language too much so that students may feel free to use their mother tongue in the second language classroom. Thus, some different learning styles can be implemented that enable students to use the target language much more easily. 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Chowdhury (1997) statesRead MoreAnxiety Of Second Language Learning1616 Words   |  7 Pages Anxiety in Second Language Learning; Causes and Solutions Dalee Kimble PSY 204.10 Allen Bonner, M.S LPC October 6, 2016 Anxiety in Second Language Learning; Causes and Solutions Learning a foreign language can be a lot like dating: one can easily get tongue tied as they anxiously attempt to reach the object of their affection. This â€Å"butterflies in your tummy† feeling can help a person when it comes to affairs of the heart. It reminds them that the smallest transgression can leadRead MoreSchools Should End Up Hurting American Students980 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s classrooms, teachers are experiencing the culture and language related effects of that endeavor. With an increasing amount of non-English speakers entering the country each year, the population of students who speak English as a second language or no English at all increases as well. Not only are these students entering with knowledge of another language but they also enter with the history of another culture. These students are taught and raised to love their traditional languages and culturesRead MoreLanguage Acquisition Principles Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage Acq uisition Principles Stephen Krashen is one of the experts when it comes to language acquisition. He has theorized on the subject of second language acquisition for years and has been quite influential in the field of linguistics approaching the subject of second language acquisition by presenting his five hypotheses for his theory of acquiring a second language. His approach comes from his view that acquisition is obtained best through contextual conversation, which demonstrates his

Essay In Satellites Example For Students

Essay In Satellites SatellitesSatellites orbit the earth doing our bidding in ways that enrich the lives ofalmost all of us. Through electronic eyes from hundreds of miles overhead, theylead prospectors to mineral deposits invisble on earths surface. Relayingcommunications at the speed of light, they shrink the planet until its mostdistant people are only a split second apart. They beam world weather to ourliving room TV and guide ships through storms. Swooping low over areas ofpossible hostility, spies in the sky maintain a surveillance that helps keeppeace in a volatile world. How many objects, exaclty, are orbiting out there? Todays count is 4,914. The satellites begin with a launch, which in the U.S. takes place at CapeCanaveral in Florida, NASAs Wallops Flight Center in Virginia, or, for polarorbiters, Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. One satellite in 20 iscrippled by the jolt of lift-off, or dies in the inferno of a defective rocketblast, or is thrust into improper orbit. A few simply vanish into the immensityof space. When a satellite emerges from the rockets protective shroud,radiotelemety regularly reports on its health to round-the-clock crews of groundcontrollers. They watch over the temperatures and voltages of the craftselectronic nervous system and other vital organs, always critical withmachines whose sunward side may be 300 degress hotter than the shaded part. Once a satellite achieves orbitthat delicate condition in which the pull ofearths gravity is matched by the outward fling of the crafts speedsubtlepressures make it go astray. Solar flares make the satellite go out of orbit. Wisps of outer atmosphere drag its speed. Like strands of spiderweb, gravityfeilds of the earth, moon, and sun tug at the orbiting spacefarer. Even thesunshines soft caress exerts a gentle nudge. Should a satellite begin to wander, ground crews fire small fuel jets that steerit back on course. This is done sparingly, for exhaustion of these gases ends acrafts useful career. Under such stresses, many satellites last 2 years. Whendeath is only a second away, controllers may command the craft to jump into ahigh orbit, so it will move up away from earth, keeping orbital paths frombecoming too cluttered. Others become ensnarled in the gravity web; slowly theyare drawn into gravitational that serve as space graveyards. A satellite for communications would really be a great antenna tower, hundredsor even thousands of miles above the earth, capable of transmitting messagesalmost instantaneously across the oceans and continents. Soon after the launch of ATWS-6, the Teacher in the sky, (a satellite designedto aid people) NASA ground controllers trained its antenna on Appalachia. Thereis brought evening college classes to schoolteachers whose isolation deniedopportunity for advancement. The use of Satellites is growing rapidly and so is the different jobs for them.